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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs' awareness and capacity to draw on relational affordances, as well as learner-internal elements, were important. The RIs from TS and ZL for instance mentioned their relationship with their local professor as a key factor in their rational decision to avoid criticism of a strict professor (see the example 2). This article reviews all local published practical research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on key practical issues, including: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The test for discourse completion (DCT) is widely used in pragmatic research. It has many strengths but it also has a few drawbacks. For example, the DCT cannot take into account the cultural and individual differences in communicative behavior. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. Therefore, it should be analyzed carefully before using it for research or assessment purposes. Despite its limitations, the DCT is a valuable tool to investigate the relationship between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate social variables relevant to politeness in two or more steps can be a plus. This feature can be used to study the impact of prosody across cultural contexts. In the field of linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools used to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to analyze various issues, including the manner of speaking, turn-taking and the choices made in lexical use. It can also be used to determine the phonological complexity of learners speaking. Recent research has used the DCT as an instrument to test the refusal skills of EFL students. Participants were presented with a range of scenarios to choose from, and then asked to select the appropriate response. The researchers found that the DCT was more effective than other measures to stop people from refusing, including a questionnaire and video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other methods for collecting data. DCTs can be designed with specific linguistic criteria, such as form and content. These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of the test creators. They are not always accurate and may misrepresent how ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires more research into alternative methods of assessing refusal competence. A recent study compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students through email with the responses gathered from an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT encouraged more direct and conventionally form-based requests and a lower use of hints than the email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study explored Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when it comes to using Korean using a variety of experimental tools, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) Metapragmatic Questionnaires, Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate level who responded to MQs, DCTs and RIs. They were also asked to reflect on their evaluation and refusal performance in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and their choices were influenced by four main factors: their personalities, their multilingual identities, ongoing lives, and their relational advantages. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. First, the MQ data were examined to determine the participants' choices in terms of their pragmatics. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were matched with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine if they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. Interviewees also had to explain the reasons for choosing a pragmatic behavior in certain situations. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and Z tests. It was found that CLKs frequently resorted to the use of euphemistic phrases such as “sorry” and “thank you.” This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language, which resulted in an inadequate understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences for converging to L1 or departing from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14, CLKs preferred convergence to L1 norms. The RIs showed that CLKs were aware of their practical resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribing, and then coded by two coders who were independent. The coders worked in an iterative manner by the coders, re-reading and discussing each transcript. The coding results were then evaluated against the original RI transcripts, which provided an indication of how well the RIs were able to capture the fundamental behavior. Interviews for refusal One of the major questions in pragmatic research is why some learners are hesitant to adhere to pragmatic norms that native speakers use. A recent study attempted to answer this question by employing a range of experimental instruments, including DCTs MQs, DCTs, and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were required to complete the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs either in their L1 or L2. Then, they were invited to a RI where they were asked reflect on their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that, on average, the CLKs disapproved of the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their answers. They did this even when they were able to produce patterns that closely resembled natives. In addition, they were conscious of their own pragmatism. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal aspects such as their personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing lives. 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지 mentioned external factors, like relational affordances. For example, they described how their relationships with professors facilitated more relaxed performance in regards to the intercultural and linguistic rules of their university. The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or penalties they could face in the event that their local social norms were not followed. They were worried that their native friends might view them as “foreigners” and think they were ignorant. This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These findings suggest that native-speakers pragmatic norms aren't the norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. Future researchers should consider reassessing the applicability of these tests in different cultural contexts and specific situations. This will allow them to better understand how different cultural environments can affect the pragmatic behavior of students in the classroom and beyond. Additionally this will allow educators to develop more effective methodologies for teaching and testing korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy. Case Studies The case study method is an investigative technique that relies on participant-centered, deep studies to study a specific subject. It is a method that uses multiple data sources to back up the findings, such as interviews and observations, documents, and artifacts. This type of investigation is useful when analyzing complicated or unique subjects that are difficult to quantify using other methods. In a case study, the first step is to clearly define both the subject and the purpose of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the subject matter are crucial to study and which can be omitted. It is also beneficial to read the literature to gain a general understanding of the subject. It will also help place the situation in a larger theoretical context. This case study was based on an open source platform such as the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks that are specific to Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that L2 Korean learners were highly susceptible to the influence of native models. They tended to choose wrong answers, which were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from a precise pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency of adding their own text or “garbage” to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their responses. Moreover, the participants of this case study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year of university and were hoping to achieve level 6 in their next attempt. They were asked to respond to questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, as well as comprehension and pragmatic awareness. The interviewees were given two scenarios, each of which involved an imagined interaction with their co-workers and asked to choose one of the following strategies when making an inquiry. They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice. The majority of the participants attributed their pragmatism to their personality. TS for instance, claimed that she was difficult to get along with and would not inquire about the health of her co-worker when they were working at a high rate despite the fact that she thought native Koreans would.